Introduction
It is a blood cancer, including the bone marrow and the lymphatic system. Leukaemia usually involves the white blood cells. When white blood cells are potent infections fighter so they normally grow and divided in an orderly way, as body needs them. But in people with leukaemia, the bone marrow produces an excessive amount of abnormal white blood cells , which don't function properly.
Symptoms
- Fever or chills
- persistent fatigue
- Weakness
- Frequent or severe infection
- Losing weight without trying
- Swollen lymph nodes, enlarged liver or spleen
- Easy bleeding or bruising
- Recurrent nosebleeds
- Tiny red spots in skin
- Excessive swelling, specially at night
- Bone pain or tenderness
When to see a doctor
Make an appointment with doctor if you have any persistent signs or symptoms that worry about that. Leukemia symptoms are often vague and not specific. You may overlook early leukaemia symptoms because they may resemble symptoms of the flu and other common illness.
Classification
They are follow as-
- Acute Leukemia
- Chronic Leukemia
Acute leukaemia -
In acute leukaemia, the abnormal blood cells are immature blood cells . They cannot carry out their normal functions and they multiply rapidly, so the disease worsen quickly. Acute leukaemia requires aggressive, timely treatment.
Chronic leukemia
There are many types of chronic leukemias. Some produce too many cells and some causes too few cells to be produced. Chronic leukaemia involves more-mature blood cells. These blood cells replicate or accumulate more slowly and can function normally for a period of time. Some forms of chronic leukaemia initially produce no early symptoms and can go unnoticed or undiagnosed for years.
here are second type of classification is by type of white blood cell affected:
Lymphocytic leukemia
This type of leukaemia affects the lymphoid cells, which forms lymphoid or lymphatic tissue makes up immune system.
Myelogenous leukemia
This type of leukaemia affects the myeloid cells. Myeloid cells give rise to red blood cells, white blood cells and pletlet-producing cells.
Types of leukaemia
They are follow as-
Acute lymphocytic leukaemia
this is the most common type of leukaemia in young children
Acute myelogenous leukaemia
it s a common type of leukaemia. It occurs in children and adults. It is a common type of acute leukaemia in adult
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
it is a most common chronic leukaemia , mostly involve in adult
Chronic myelogenous leukaemia
it is a type of leukaemia mainly affects in adults .
Risk factors
Previous cancer treatment
People who have certain type of chemotherapy and radiation therapy for other cancers have an increased risk of developing certain type of leukaemia.
Genetic disorders
Genetic abnormalities seem to play a role in the development of leukaemia. Certain genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome are associated with an increased risk of leukaemia.
Exposure to certain chemicals
Exposure to certain chemicals, such as benzene which is found in gasoline and is used by the chemical industry—— is linked to an increased risk of some kinds of leukaemia.
Smoking
Smoking increased a risk of acute myelogenous leukaemia.
Family history of leukaemia
If any family member suffered from leukaemia, it is increased a risk factor.
Causes
Scientist do not understand the exact causes of leukaemia. It seems to develop from a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
How leukaemia forms
In general, leukaemia is thought to occur when some blood cells acquire changes in their genetic material or DNA . A cells DNA contains the instructions that tell cell what to do. Normally, the DNA tells to grow at a set rate and to die at a set time. In leukemias , the mutation tell the blood cells to continue growing and dividing.
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