What is Anatomy of Liver?
The liver is the largest gland of the body, occupying much of the right upper part of the abdominal cavity. It consists of both exocrine and endocrine parts. The performs a wide range of metabolic activities necessary for homeostasis, nutrition and immune response.
Anatomy of Liver and its Functions
1- It secretes bile and stores glycogen.
2- It synthesises the serum proteins and lipids.
3- It detoxifies blood from endogenous and exogenous substances that enter the circulation.
4- It produces hemopoietic cells of all types during fetal life.
Anatomy of Liver Location
The liver almost fully occupies the right hypochondriac region upper part of the epigastrium and part of the left hypochondriac region
Up to the left lateral line. It lies mostly under cover of the ribs and costal cartilages immediately below the diaphragm.
SHAPE
The liver is wedge shaped and resembles a four-sided pyramids laid on one side with its base directed towards the right and apex direction toward the left.
SIZE
In males - 1.4 to 1.8 kg
In females - 1.2 to 1.4 kg
In newborn - 1/18th of the body weight
At birth - 150 g
Proportional weight: In adult 1/40th of the body weight
COLOUR
It is red-brown in colour.
External feature of Liver
The wedge-shaped liver presents two well-defined surfaces-
1- Diaphragmatic surfaces
2- Visceral surface
Diaphragmatic surface - The dome-shaped diaphragmatic surface incline smooth peritoneal areas which face superiorly, anteriorly and to the right and a rough bare area . Diaphragmatic surface is convex and extensive. It faces upward, forward to the right and backwards.
Visceral surface - It is relatively flat and faces inferiorly and concave shape . It is directed downward, backward and to the left. It is separated in front from the diaphragmatic surface by the sharp inferior border and behind from the diaphragm by the posterior layer of coronary ligaments.
These two surfaces meet in front at the sharp inferior border
Inferior border- it separates the diaphragmatic surface from visceral surface and rounded laterally where it separates the right lateral surface from the inferior surface.
Anatomy of Liver lobes
Anatomical lobes are based on both diaphragmatic and visceral surfaces-
On the diaphragmatic surface, the liver is divided into two lobes :
1- Right lobe
2- Left lobe
On visceral surface, the liver is divided into four lobes :
1- Right lobe
2- Left lobe
3- Quadrate lobe
4- caudate lobe
PERITONEAL RELATION OF LIVER
Most of the liver is covered by the peritoneum. The areas which are not covered by the peritoneum are:
1-Bare area of the liver
2- Fossa for gallbladder
3- Groove for Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)
4- Groove for ligamentum venosum
5- Porta hépatis
anatomy of liver ligaments
Ligaments of the liver are of two types:
1- false ligament
2- true ligament
False ligaments of liver
1- Falciform ligament
2- Coronary ligament
3- Right triangular ligament
4- Left triangular ligament
5- Lesser omentum
True ligament of liver
It is divided into two types -
1- Ligamentum teres hepatis
2- Ligamentum venosum
Anatomy of Liver Blood Supply
Arterial supply of liver
The liver is a highly vascular organ . It receives blood from two sources. The arterial blood is supplied by the hepatic artery and venous blood is supplied by the portal vein.
Venous Drainage of Liver
Most of the venous blood from liver is drained by three large hepatic veins-
A). Left hepatic vein
B). Middle hepatic vein
C). Right hepatic vein
Nerve supply of liver
The liver is supplied by both sympathetic and parasympathetic .sympathetic fibres are derived from the coeliac plexus and parasympathetic fibres are derived from the hepatic branch of the anterior bagel trunk.
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